Alfalfa vs. Timothy

A sugar comparison.

Alfalfa typically has more natural sugars than timothy. Here’s the breakdown:

• Alfalfa hay: usually around 8–12% sugar (WSC/NSC), depending on maturity and growing conditions.

• Timothy hay: usually lower, around 6–10% sugar (WSC/NSC), again depending on harvest time and environment.

So while both can vary, alfalfa generally runs higher in sugar than timothy. Timothy is often the better choice for animals that need a lower-sugar forage (e.g., horses prone to laminitis, insulin resistance, or metabolic issues).

Nutrient (Dry Matter Basis)	Alfalfa Hay	Timothy Hay
Crude Protein	16–20%	8–12%
Crude Fiber	25–30%	30–35%
Non-Structural Carbohydrates (NSC)	10–14%	8–12%
Water-Soluble Carbohydrates (Sugar)	8–12%	6–10%
Calcium	1.2–1.8%	0.3–0.5%
Phosphorus	0.2–0.3%	0.2–0.3%
Digestible Energy (Mcal/lb)	1.0–1.1	0.8–0.9

Summary:

• Alfalfa is higher in protein, calcium, and energy, but also slightly higher in natural sugar.

• Timothy is lower in sugar and protein, making it safer for easy keepers, metabolic horses, or maintenance diets.

• For performance horses, lactating animals, or growing stock, alfalfa’s higher nutrient density can be beneficial.